qnet.printing.dot module¶

DOT printer for Expressions.

This module provides the dotprint() function that generates a DOT diagram for a given expression. For example:

>>> A = OperatorSymbol("A", hs=1)
>>> B = OperatorSymbol("B", hs=1)
>>> expr = 2 * (A + B)
>>> with configure_printing(str_format='unicode'):
...     dot = dotprint(expr)
>>> dot.strip() == r'''
... digraph{
...
... # Graph style
... "ordering"="out"
... "rankdir"="TD"
...
... #########
... # Nodes #
... #########
...
... "node_(0, 0)" ["label"="ScalarTimesOperator"];
... "node_(1, 0)" ["label"="2"];
... "node_(1, 1)" ["label"="OperatorPlus"];
... "node_(2, 0)" ["label"="Â⁽¹⁾"];
... "node_(2, 1)" ["label"="B̂⁽¹⁾"];
...
... #########
... # Edges #
... #########
...
... "node_(0, 0)" -> "node_(1, 0)"
... "node_(0, 0)" -> "node_(1, 1)"
... "node_(1, 1)" -> "node_(2, 0)"
... "node_(1, 1)" -> "node_(2, 1)"
... }'''.strip()
True

The dot commandline program renders the code into an image:

The various options of dotprint() allow for arbitrary customization of the graph’s structural and visual properties.

Summary¶

Functions:

`dotprint`	Return the DOT (graph) description of an Expression tree as a string
`expr_labelfunc`	Factory for function `labelfunc(expr, is_leaf)`

Reference¶

qnet.printing.dot.expr_labelfunc(leaf_renderer=<class 'str'>, fallback=<class 'str'>)[source]¶

Factory for function labelfunc(expr, is_leaf)

It has the following behavior:

If is_leaf is True, return leaf_renderer(expr).
Otherwise,
- if expr is an Expression, return a custom string similar to srepr(), but with an ellipsis for args
- otherwise, return fallback(expr)

qnet.printing.dot.dotprint(expr, styles=None, maxdepth=None, repeat=True, labelfunc=<function expr_labelfunc.<locals>._labelfunc>, idfunc=None, get_children=<function _op_children>, **kwargs)[source]¶

Return the DOT (graph) description of an Expression tree as a string

Parameters:	expr (object) – The expression to render into a graph. Typically an instance of `Expression`, but with appropriate get_children, labelfunc, and id_func, this could be any tree-like object styles (list or None) – A list of tuples `(expr_filter, style_dict)` where `expr_filter` is a callable and `style_dict` is a list of DOT node properties that should be used when rendering a node for which `expr_filter(expr)` return True. maxdepth (int or None) – The maximum depth of the resulting tree (any node at maxdepth will be drawn as a leaf) repeat (bool) – By default, if identical sub-expressions occur in multiple locations (as identified by idfunc, they will be repeated in the graph. If `repeat=False` is given, each unique (sub-)expression is only drawn once. The resulting graph may no longer be a proper tree, as recurring expressions will have multiple parents. labelfunc (callable) – A function that receives expr and a boolean `is_leaf` and returns the label of the corresponding node in the graph. Defaults to `expr_labelfunc(str, str)`. idfunc (callable or None) – A function that returns the ID of the node representing a given expression. Expressions for which idfunc returns identical results are considered identical if repeat is False. The default value None uses a function that is appropriate to a single standalone DOT file. If this is insufficient, something like `hash` or `str` would make a good idfunc. get_children (callable) – A function that return a list of sub-expressions (the children of expr). Defaults to the operands of an `Operation` (thus, anything that is not an Operation is a leaf) kwargs – All further keyword arguments set custom DOT graph attributes
Returns:	a multiline str representing a graph in the DOT language
Return type:	str

Notes

The node styles are additive. For example, consider the following custom styles:

styles = [
    (lambda expr: isinstance(expr, SCALAR_TYPES),
        {'color': 'blue', 'shape': 'box', 'fontsize': 12}),
    (lambda expr: isinstance(expr, Expression),
        {'color': 'red', 'shape': 'box', 'fontsize': 12}),
    (lambda expr: isinstance(expr, Operation),
        {'color': 'black', 'shape': 'ellipse'})]

For Operations (which are a subclass of Expression) the color and shape are overwritten, while the fontsize 12 is inherited.

Keyword arguments are directly translated into graph styles. For example, in order to produce a horizontal instead of vertical graph, use dotprint(..., rankdir='LR').